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In late 2024, a $40 billion chip factory rises from Arizona's desert, aiming to recreate the magic of TSMC's world leading Taiwan fabs. The stakes are high. This is where chips for iPhones and AI supercomputers will be born. Yet, early on, engineers faced a baffling dilemma. The facility had to import ultra pure sulfuric acid from 6,500 m away in Taiwan. American suppliers couldn't meet TSMC's standards, and local chemicals cost five times more. Even Intel, the veteran US chipmaker next door, jumped in to buy from these overseas shipments, a fact TSMC's CEO relayed with incredulity. How did you live before? It was very hard before, but now you are here, he recalls Intel saying. This real scenario reveals a deeper mystery.