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Not likely. The industry experts get the data from the fab.
Transistor density is calculated using memory cells that are allowed to use tighter design rules than other logic because the structures are very regular and they can optimize algorithms for postprocessing the data to make features...
They don't. Analysts aren't privy to confidential data, so they guess.
The designer of the product makes the decision early in their design process. They need to know their speed/power requirements, die area, foundry capacity, pricing, market window, etc.
You can't use potentiometers to control fan speed that way. You'll burn up the pot. A rheostat would work, but they're going to be large and expensive...
Looking at the schematic, I'd expect a floating input to be 2 diode drops above ground; so 1.4V. What I measured was around 2V. That would seem to satisfy the minimum voltage level for a HIGH input, but noise can easily be coupled to the floating inputs. Play it safe and never let inputs...
Put pull down resistors on the inputs so they don't float. +1 for adding a current limit resistor for the LED. It's unlikely that you'll burn them out because LSTTL can't source enough current to damage the LED, but it always makes us do a double take because it's not a good practice. You...
PWM is commonly used in this application. Since the device switching the lamp is either on or off, power dissipation isn't an issue. The switching device just needs to be able to handle the lamp current and voltage.
Retrofitting fabs to a smaller process node doesn't make much sense financially. It's better for the old fab to be left intact and run an old process; keeping utilization high so it doesn't become a drag on the bottom line.
In addition to taking years to build, AZ also presents a problem with...
You'll be hard pressed to find a pot that will dissipate more than a couple watts and the power rating is for the entire resistance. If you use it as a rheostat, you could easily burn it up.
Show the bulb drive circuit and specify your space and complexity constraints on solution space. How...
There are 3 standard pinouts for transistors in TO-92 (2N*, BC*, and 2S*); though there are some some exceptions (e.g. some BC have the same pinout as 2N).
Well designed circuits accommodate variations in transistor gain because it varies with current, CE voltage, and within and between...
The transistors should be NPN (you drew PNP). We usually use Q as the component designator; M is more commonly used for MOSFETs.
I'm not a guitar pedal person, so don't know what fuzziness means. The pot would control the frequency at which the gain is increased.
The capacitors on the right...
With the resistor(s) in series with the LED, their power dissipations add.
The resistor(s) will dissipate P = I*V = 6mA*60V = 360mW. Assuming the forward voltage of the LED is 2V, it would dissipate 6mA*2V = 12mW. Total dissipation would be 372mW.
Voltage dividers are almost always the wrong way to go. The current in the divider needs to be at least 10 times the load current.
You'd be better off just using an appropriate current limiting resistor. Assuming a forward voltage of 2V for the LED and an operating current of 5mA, R = V/I =...
